鼠害控制综合配套技术试验研究

采用饵料引诱剂 ,不同灭鼠药品 ,不同拌饵浓度 ,不同施饵方法对高原鼠兔进行了灭治试验 ,结果以Y1 、Y2 作为引诱剂 ,分别以 0 .5%的比例拌入饵料 ,引诱效果较为明显。用 1 /1 0 0 0C·肉毒杀鼠素毒饵 ,以投饵量 1 .5～ 2 .2 5kg/hm2 ,采用机械间隔撒施法 ,不但能达到 90 %以上的灭鼠效果 ,而且能节约大量人力 ,降低灭治费用 ,提高工作效率     

Preventive effects of Clostridium butyricum on gastric ulceration induced by pylorus ligature in mice

AIM: To investigate the preventive effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on the type of pylorus ligated gastric ulcer (GU) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group, model group, C. butyricum pretreatment group and omeprazole pretreatment group. Gastric pyloric ligation was adopted to establish GU model in mice. The gastric juice was collected to measure the content of gastric free mucus, the pH of gastric juice and the activity of pepsin. The gastric tissues were collected for routine HE staining to observe the pathological changes. The content of glycogen was detected by PAS staining. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in the gastric mucosa was also assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The HE and PAS staining showed that the C. butyricum pretreatment obviously attenuated the mucosa lesion induced by ligation. Compared with model group, the pH of gastric juice was significantly raised. The activity of pepsin fell off in C. butyricum group, which was lower than that in omeprazole group. In comparison with model group, the content of gastric free mucus was dramatically increased and PAS staining showed a significant rise in C. butyricum group, but not in omeprazole group. The protein expression of Bax was decreased and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was upgraded in C. butyricum group than those in model group. CONCLUSION: C. butyricum protects gastric mucosa against the challenge of pylorus ligation in mice and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting gastric acid secretion and the activation of pepsin, increasing the production of gastric free mucus, strengthening the expression of bcl-2 gene and inhibiting the expression of bax gene.     

Postoperative complications in a lamb after major surgery

INTODUCTION: Anaesthesia in lambs undergoing experimental surgery may develop problems associated with age-related immune incompetency: a postoperative complication in a 3 week old Scottish blackface lamb after spinal surgery is presented. CASE HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT: Both lamb and ewe were in good condition. The ewe was vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium tetani 5 weeks pre-partum. There were no apparent problems with the lamb's intake of colostrum. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intramuscular medetomidine (10 μg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)), meloxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (1 mg kg(-1) followed by 10 μg kg(-1) minute(-1)) were administered intravenously (IV) for perioperative analgesia. Atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1) IV, followed by 0.17 mg kg(-1) injected when the first twitch of the four, train-of four count was palpated) was used to improve muscle relaxation. The lamb's trachea was intubated and the lungs mechanically ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Intrathecal morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)), IV meloxicam (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and edrophonium (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered before recovery. Operative and initial recovery periods were unremarkable. Three hours after surgery the lamb became depressed. Tachycardia (180-250 beats minute(-1)), tachypnoea (30 breaths minute(-1)), poor peripheral perfusion and cold pelvic limb extremities were present mimicking severe pain, and/or hypovolaemic shock. Analgesics - morphine (total dose 1.3 mg kg(-1)) - and IV fluid therapy boluses - crystalloids (300 mL), colloids (120 mL) and fresh whole blood (60 mL) - failed to ameliorate clinical signs and so the lamb was euthanized 10 hours after surgery. Post-mortem findings supported a possible diagnosis of peracute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia. CONCLUSION: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be considered when clinical signs of severe pain and/or hypovolaemic shock fail to respond to analgesics and fluid resuscitation in lambs after major surgery.     

猝死羊产气荚膜杆菌某些特性测定

应用溶血试验和动物试验方法，检测来源于正常羊肠内容物和猝死羊肝、脾及肠内容物中产气荚膜杆菌及其毒素的溶血性和致病性。结果显示，在1％葡萄糖血平板上，所有14株猝死羊分离株均表现出典型的双溶血环(100％)，而在22株正常羊分离株中5株为双溶血环(22．7％)、15株为单溶血环(68．2％)和2株不溶血(9．1％)；对1％绵羊红细胞的溶血作用上，猝死羊分离株毒素的溶血OD50值多在0．40～0．90，而正常羊分离株毒素的OD50值多在0．40以下：所有分离株及其毒素对小白鼠的致死性无显著差异。     

ELISA对动物舍气载魏氏梭菌型别的研究

采用ELISA方法对从一个犊牛舍空气中分离到的魏氏梭菌进行型别的鉴定。结果显示：88％的菌种属于A型，3.4％为C型，8.6％是D型，B型未能确认。     

仔猪产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症病原诊断及疫苗研究IV．肠毒血症C型疫苗生产用菌种的确定

试验证明用单一菌株C59-2生产C型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症干粉灭活疫苗,其效力可以达到《规程》要求,并且简化了生产工艺,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。疫苗免疫的兔血清可分别中和原来3个制苗用菌株所产生的外毒素。     

Clostridium perfringens toxin-types in lambs and kids affected with gastroenteric pathologies in Italy

A study was carried out in the South of Italy to assess the role of clostridia in neonatal diseases of lambs and kids. Eighty-seven lambs and 15 kids belonging to 25 flocks were examined and Clostridium perfringens was the microorganism most commonly identified. C. perfringens isolates were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in order to determine the prevalence of the genes cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx, iap and cpe. The most prevalent toxin-type of C. perfringens was found to be type A found in 84% of the cases with clostridial enterotoxaemia. No C. perfringens type B, C or E were found. C. perfringens type D was isolated in 16% of the cases. About 24% of the isolates were cpb2 positive. The prevalence of cpb2 across the different C. perfringens types varied. The beta(2)-toxin gene cpb2 was detected in 4/21 (19%) type A isolates, in 1/2 type D isolates, and in 1/2 type DE (cpe-carrying type D) isolates. The high rate of positivity to cpb2 among the isolates suggests that a vaccine based on the beta(2)-toxin, should be included in the vaccination schedule of the animals to confer adequate protection and to prevent the disease.     

B型产气荚膜梭菌三种主要毒素基因的PCR检测

为了对B型产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens type B)进行快速检测,依据NCBI登录的产气荚膜梭菌α、B及ε毒素基因序列设计引物,并对其进行PCR扩增.琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示3个毒素基因均被成功扩增,目标片段条带清晰,长度与预期相符.     

丁酸梭菌对蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌对蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响.选择240只1日龄健康海兰褐蛋用仔公鸡,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、150mg/kg金霉素(抗生素组)和250、500、750、1000mg/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期为42d,分别在14、28、42日龄测定各组的生长性能,42日龄测定免疫器官指数、血清免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA相对表达水平.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1000mg/kg添加组在试验期内显著提高了蛋用仔公鸡平均体重和平均日增重(P＜0.05),添加各水平丁酸梭菌对全期平均日采食量和料重比的影响均不显著(P＞0.05).2)1000mg/kg添加组的脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),各组之间胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均差异不显著(P＞0.05).3)各丁酸梭菌添加组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P＜0.05),其中750mg/kg添加组、1000mg/kg添加组血清IgG的含量与抗生素组相比也显著提高(P＜0.05);1000mg/kg添加组血清免疫球蛋白A的含量最高,显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P＜0.05);各丁酸梭菌添加组血清补体3的含量与对照组相比均显著提高(P＜0.05).4)750mg/kg添加组、1000mg/kg添加组的空肠组织白细胞介素-6基因mRNA相对表达水平与对照组相比显著降低(P＜0.05),1000mg/kg添加组肿瘤坏死因子-α基因mRNA相对表达水平最低,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲粮中添加适量的丁酸梭菌可在一定程度上提高蛋用仔公鸡的生长性能,促进免疫器官发育并提高免疫力,抑制炎症的发生.本试验条件下,1000mg/kg的添加量效果最好.     

产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌在厌氧菌基础培养基中的生长特性

测定了产气荚膜梭菌B型、D型和腐败梭菌在新研制的厌氧菌基础培养基中的生长曲线和产毒能力等特性。结果表明,这些细菌可以在新培养基中良好生长和产毒。产气荚膜梭菌B 型经2 h 的适应期后,很快进入对数生长期,培养到8 h细菌密度接近最高值,OD630为4.329;经检测,培养4 h~24 h的细菌所产生的毒素(培养物上清)1μL~2μL可致死KM小鼠。产气荚膜梭菌D型的生长速度也较快,无适应期就直接进入对数生长期,培养到12 h 时细菌密度最高, OD630 为1.75;细菌最佳产毒期在6 h~14 h,培养物上清0.5μL~0.65μL可致死KM小鼠。腐败梭菌生长速度较慢,经6 h的适应期后,才进入对数生长期,培养到14 h时细菌密度最高,OD630为1.335;细菌毒力在培养后的6 h~24 h内10μL菌液可达到在24 h内致死KM小鼠的效果。